Inventor Joseph Bramah Patented a New Safety Lock

Joseph Bramah was born April 13, 1748, in   Stainborough Lane Farm, Stainborough,  Barnsley  Yorkshire. He was an English  inventor  and  locksmith. He is best known for having invented the  hydraulic press. He is considered along with William George Armstrong, a father of hydraulic engineering. Early Years Bramah  was the second son in the family of  four sons and two daughters  of Joseph Bramma (different spelling), a farmer, and his wife, Mary Denton. He studied at the local school and after finishing school he completed a carpentry apprenticeship. He then moved to  London, where he began working as a cabinet-maker. In 1783 he married Mary Lawton and the couple established their home in London. They eventually had a daughter and four sons. Water Closet In  London, Bramah worked installing water closets (toilets) which were designed by Alexander Cumming in 1775. He discovered, though, that model being installed in London houses had a tendency to freeze in cold weather. Although it was technically his boss who improved the design by replacing the usual slide valve with a hinged flap that sealed the bottom of the bowl, Bramah obtained the patent for it in 1778,  and began making toilets at a workshop. The design was produced well into the 19th century. Bramahs original water closets are still working in  Osbourne House,  Queen Victorias home on the  Isle of Wight. Bramah Safety Lock After attending some lectures on technical aspects of  locks, Bramah patented the Bramah  safety lock  on August 21, 1784. His lock was considered unpickable until it was finally picked in 1851. This lock is now located in the Science Museum in London. According to lock expert Sandra Davis, In 1784, he patented his lock which for many years had the reputation of being absolutely unpickable. He offered  £200 to anyone who could pick his lock and although many tried it - it was not until 1851 that the money was won by an American, A.C. Hobbs, although it took him 16 days to do it! Joseph Bramah was deservedly  honoured  and admired as one of the earliest mechanical geniuses of his day. The same year as he received his lock patent, he  set up the Bramah Lock Company. Other Inventions Bramah went on to create a hydrostatic machine (hydraulic press), a beer pump, the four-cock, a quill sharpener, a working  planer, methods of paper-making, improved fire engines and printing machines.   In 1806, Bramah patented a machine for printing banknotes  that was used by the Bank of England. One of Bramahs last inventions was a hydrostatic press capable of uprooting trees. This was used at Holt Forest in  Hampshire. While superintending this work Bramah caught a cold, which led to pneumonia. He died at on December 9, 1814. He was buried in the churchyard of St. Marys,  Paddington . Bramah ultimately obtained 18 patents for his designs between 1778 and 1812. In 2006 a pub in  Barnsley was opened named the Joseph Bramah in his memory.

Summary Forever Free Essay - 1367 Words

Erik Low Franco U.S. History H. 12 September 2016 Forever Free Chapter one The Peculiar Institution A main idea in the first chapter is about the history of slavery and freedom in the U.S. Firstly slavery had existed during the American Revolution. Despite the fact that the founding fathers wanted freedom as a right to all men, then African Americans should also rightfully be allowed freedom. Foner quotes Lemuel Haynes, â€Å" If liberty were truly ‘an innate principle† for all mankind’ Haynes wrote, ‘ even an African [had] as equally good a right to his liberty in common with Englishmen.’(Foner 9). Slavery was a problem in the United States history from the beginning. In addition to the history of slavery in the U.S. Foner also talks about not only the South s dependence on slavery, but the North as well. Even though the Northern states abolished slavery, cotton was necessary for making textiles in the industrial factories in the North. As slavery continued so did the need for it, and th e economy began to rely on it. It was especially important in the 19th century. Even with the North against slavery, the South kept it, because it was important to make money. Another important idea is the rights of a free African American, as opposed to a white man. Foner states that â€Å"No black, free or slave, could own arms, strike a white man, or employ a white servant. Any white person could apprehend any black to demand a certificate of freedom or aShow MoreRelated Escaping the Chains of Slavery Essay626 Words   |  3 Pageseight when he was sent to live in Baltimore, a move that would forever change his life. He was introduced to a different way of living for a slave. For example, on the plantation slaves were subject to merciless beatings, hunger, and cold. Clothing was provided, but if slaves did not sustain them throughout the year, they were forced to walk around half-naked. However, in Baltimore slaves were permitted to walk in the street as free men and women; they were properly dressed and well fed. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Principles of Corporate Finance1202 Words   |  5 Pagespaid at the end of every year forever. What is the present value? PV= CF / r D) Other Helpful Formulas Constant growth of the cash flow for n periods: PV = CF1 / r-g * [1-((1+g))n/(1+r))] Constant growth of the cash flow forever: PV = CF / r-g II) TERMINAL VALUE (Future value): A) General Formula TV = CF1*(1+r1,n)n-1 + CF2*(1+r2,n)n-2 +†¦+ CFn-1*(1+rn-1,n)+ CFn [pic] for an ordinary annuity (constant end of period) Summary of Class 1: - DetermineRead MoreBusy Bee Is A Cleaning Business1219 Words   |  5 Pagesstaff and buy more facility. This business plan is to review the achievement of the past and make plan for the future. The business is not small forever. I need to make an elaborate plan for my business’ future. This plan contains executive summary, company summary, service, market analysis summary, strategy and implementation summary, management summary and financial plan. No1.1 1. Vision Provide the best and environmental sustainable cleaning service to customers 2. Mission To be a professionRead MoreThe Shortening Leash By Jessica And Hanna1285 Words   |  6 Pagesunbiased information about the situation that kids now lost freedom a lot according to the board surveys and three statistic graphs. While they mentioned that we are not supposed to latch our kids due to over-protection. Otherwise, let children pursue free exploration is not equal to stop your ear to them. In the article â€Å"The Shortening Leash†, which publishes in slate.com, Jessica Grose and Hanna Rosin describe the children today have much less freedom in the childhood than their parents and the possibleRead MoreShakespeare and Women vs. Society and Queen Elizabeth Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pages(Alchin 10). Elizabeth kept the women educated, but kept their strengths hidden behind a curtain of social restraints, causing everything she stood for to be questioned. While theatre has always been a sanctuary for new thoughts and ideas to roam free, when expressed they were not always completely taken in by the classes of society causing misinterpretation by some audience members. In Shakespearean poems he gives equal roles towards men and women despite the fact in actual society they are polarRead MoreSynthesis Of The 13th Amendment745 Words   |  3 PagesStates of America. Amendments When the Civil War began, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, stating that slaves in rebellious states are free, however, it lacked constitutional validity when the war would be over. This is when he realized that there must be a 13th amendment to the Constitution to abolish slavery forever. In 1865, the 13th Amendment was added to the Constitution but it did not give former slaves any rights or protection. This is the period when the 14th AmendmentRead MoreThe Core Beliefs That I Build My Life915 Words   |  4 PagesThis is a summary of the core beliefs that I hold to in my everyday life; they are the groundwork by which I build my life. Although, I believe the whole counsel of God, these are the key doctrines that I believe to be the most necessary for my life today. There is only one true God. He exists in three separate persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Although these three are separate, They all have the same nature and are equal in Their character. God is one being that manifestsRead MoreExistentialism And The Beliefs Of The Movement1454 Words   |  6 PagesClub by Chuck Palahniuk that is a good summary of existentialism and the beliefs of the movement. Existentialism was a turning point for society and literature that advocated the expansion of the minds of authors and their readers so we could improve our thinking to be more enlightened and free. The movement sparked much alternative thinking to allow our society to grow into what it is today and without it people would most likely be more close minded and less free. Existentialism was a very influentialRead MoreEssay on Zoos and Animal Rights1063 Words   |  5 Pageszoos deprived animals from satisfying their most basic needs. They urge not to patronized zoos and claims that the money spent on ticket purchases pays for animals to be imprisoned and traded, not rescued and rehabilitated. They go on saying in summary that zoos strip animals from their rights. So this heated debate revolves around the animal rights and how the zoo industry inhibits it. Are zoo really bad for the animals? Should we get rid of the zoo and let the animals back to the wilderness? MazurRead MoreTheme Of Forgiveness In William P. Youngs The Shack901 Words   |  4 PagesImagine your loved one was taken from you forever even if you were trying to do the right thing at the time. When Mackenzie Allen Phillips’ goes on a family vacation, his life is changed forever. When trying to save his son he loses his daughter Missy and later finds out she is brutally murdered in a Shack. Then after four years of depression, Mack gets a note in his mailbox telling him to meet in the Oregon wilderness. In The Shack by William P. Young, focuses on forgiveness when Will shows how

Maple Leaf Foods Leading Six Sigma Change free essay sample

Based on the introduction of the case study, it seems that Miyashita is having some problems with the issues that are related to Six Sigma, which had launched a year ago in MLF. Based on the conclusion, MLF has achieved in implementing Six Sigma to some extend and MLF is trying very hard to improve and be successful in practicing Six Sigma. From the follow up title, â€Å"Maple Leaf Foods (B): Six Sigma in 2002† and the heading, one can assume that the case study is about the challenges and the progress of Six Sigma of MLF in 2002. Based on the introduction of the case study, one can see that MLF achieved a huge improvement in implementing Six Sigma. For example, there is 293% increase in the number of Black Belts and MLF have done a lot of projects that are related to Six Sigma. In the case of Maple Leaf Foods, the key decision maker is ultimately Michael McCain, president and CEO of the company. His decision involved finding areas within the production of the company’s products where improvements could be made through executing changes. McCain’s objectives were to implement a reorganization of the corporate structure to ensure a culture of continuous improvement. The other actor in this particular case is Bruce Miyashita, a well-established manager who was also Six Sigma trained. His objectives for assisting Maple Leaf Foods included informing the employees about Six Sigma and introducing the practice into everyday functions as a means to improve production and quality among their processes. Miyashita’s plan was to train current employees and change their ways of thinking in order to have a lasting effect even after he was gone. Both McCain and Miyashita took time to plan out and test the changes within three of the 11 independent operating companies that make Maple Leaf Foods. They were careful to educate the employees and show them the benefits of using Six Sigma to improve business. Through careful planning and implementation, they were successful in creating a better, higher-skilled workforce and redefined the corporate structure for better quality and more effective processes for production. MLF encountered many problems with implementing Six Sigma. The main problem was resistance to Six Sigma. The resistance took on many forms. One was statistical illiteracy among employees, lack of understanding of Six Sigma, another was fear of Six Sigma getting all the credit for fixing problems, or political opposition by employees based solely on misconceptions and bad past experiences. The company had to convert the resistors by selling Six Sigma. The first step they took was by bringing in an outsider, Bruce Miyashita, who had a black belt in Six Sigma and many years at other companies implementing Six Sigma, such as IBM and Bombardier. Miyashita took to implementing Six Sigma at MLF at slow, methodical pace. The first training sessions did not start until six months after he was hired. He did this because he felt that if Six Sigma had been announced and defined immediately, there would not have been enough substance to their program to hold the employees attention. The six months leading up to the initial training of Six Sigma Miyashita went on an internal selling campaign. This was to build curiosity into what Six Sigma actually was. After six months of selling Six Sigma Miyashita started training programs for green and black belt. This educated employees on what Six Sigma actually is, how to use, and how it helps them perform their job at a higher level. This eased a lot of the resistance that was felt among many employees. Once Six Sigma began to be implemented other problems arose. Such as the rapid demand for Six Sigma to solve complex issues. The challenges were not only executing Six Sigma in an effective way to solve such complex problems, but also cocoordinating them with other projects and tasks through out the company. In order to solve these issues teams of black belts set out not just to solve one problem, and then have another problem arise because of the quick fix. In order to solve these problems they had to change other processes of the company to adjust to the fix. These black belt teams did things such as mapping, baseline improvement, and work data collection to solve such complex problems. Michael McCain’s early adoption of Six Sigma was a course of action that had very positive short-term consequences. The program was labeled what it was, Six Sigma, not some other arbitrary dull-sounding quality initiative name. He was wise enough to realize that for a quality control initiative to actually be effective at MLF he was going to have to understand and back the system 100% from the very onset, before demanding cooperation from his employees. In this manner, before the program was even rolled-out to the employees; the Board adopted it. The message was clear; this was a quality improvement initiative the company was going to follow through on. The lack of aggressiveness during the rollout of Six Sigma at MLF was later viewed with mixed results. It is still pondered whether the slow rollout of the program was the better choice. They could have rolled the program out all at once or nearly all at once across the IOCs. Based upon the overwhelming demand from employees to learn Six Sigma skills, it appears that the slow rollout seemed to have worked well in this organization. As employees saw their colleagues’ success with the program, they then wanted to learn more about Six Sigma and get involved too. A significant process led to the effective execution of the Six Sigma program. The program was sold before implementation was demanded from associates. This course of action really proved to be effective. McCain and Miyashita enlisted volunteers and mandated that once they were approved they remain in the program for a specified period of time; and they followed the shared-objectives mentality. In this manner, IOC Presidents remained the decision-makers of their firm, highly accountable for results, but with assistance from their Black Belt associates. These Black Belts were consultants from within the firm, not external forces with a separate agenda. This allowed the IOC President the time to continue with his/her job, while allowing the Black Belt the time to follow Six Sigma 100%. This process of first selling the program enlisted the trust and cooperation of the IOC Presidents. Finally, Miyashita was wise enough to realize from the onset that Six Sigma at MLF was not his; rather it was the associates’. All improvements that would be achieved would be the fruits of their labor. As he states, â€Å"I was sensitive to the fact that their previous quality person inflated the earlier program’s success, took credit for it and irritated people. I don’t want to have Six Sigma associated with me. †

Japanese Fascism

People always want good leadership and on the other hand, leaders want people to lead. What is however, of great concern in this form of leader-subject relationship is which party should have the power to choose.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Japanese Fascism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whether the subject should choose their leaders or whether the leaders should choose the style of leadership that they wish to impose on their people remains a thing of concern. From this issue of choice it is a fact that one form of leadership will fit a certain group of people where another form of leadership will not fit and vice versa. Post war Japan as most historians look at it can be termed as a complete representation of fascism. This paper therefore begins by looking at fascism as a concept; the paper will however focus on Japanese fascism through its differences and similarities with other forms of intern ational fascism. The paper finally looks at the role played by the Japanese culture in the support of the fascist ideology. To some society, the nation or the country is greater than an individual is and in the same societies, there is no one particular time that the two will ever be equal. This is the origin of fascism and the same approach provides the basis on which a fascism leadership is build. Fascism can be looked from both a concept and an ideology point of view and the later is the most dominant. Fascism can therefore be described as an extreme ideology that celebrates a nation or a race above all other form of loyalties. The concept therefore calls for revolution among the people in order to counter the threats of moral decay that comes in the form of materialism and individualism. This revolution also seeks to unite the people against the common enemy that threatens the nation. It goes without saying that there is safety in numbers and that all together it is difficult to get a victory then being in a fight alone facing something or somebody that is meaningfully bigger and stronger. To start with, the ideology focuses on the internal enemy before stretching its hands on the external enemy.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leaders always have a way of maintaining authority over the people; some will divide the people in order to rule them while on the other hand the fascists will create a common enemy for the people to impose their unity and submissiveness towards their leaders. Skirbekk (2011) emphasized on this by stating that â€Å"fascism was meant to strengthen and unite the people through emotional ties, such as willingness to make sacrifices and submit to discipline, so that the fascist leader could create order.† Myths and religions always go alongside the governments and leaderships and this is observable from all forms of governm ents that have existed in the ancient and the modern world. As concept fascism celebrates masculinity, the youths and their power alongside this factor is the power of violence that is also celebrated. Closely related to these facts are the aspects of doctrine and racial superiority and they all have a place in fascism. In order for fascist leaders to achieve, their leadership ambitions then they use the innocence of the people to promote imperialists expansion, doctrine superiority and ethnicity. It is also important to note that the ruling class has limited control over a fascist authority but the society has the most control. Although fascism promotes capitalism, some of its agenda do not fit well in capitalist ideology. The two ideologies however contradict and convince in their agenda. â€Å"Fascism is the dictatorship of monopoly capital drawn by its internal contradictions into policies of oppressions at home and expansion abroad† (Duss and Okimoto, 1997). This feature characterized post war Japan in the 1930s and this led most historians to describe experiences in this period as fascist (Olick, 1964). Capitalism was facing the Japanese’s authority and they perceived it as a threat. This threat is the main cause of the measures that the authority took; fascism emerged as the main or the key policy that the government of Japan adopted.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Japanese Fascism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fascism in Japan finds a lot of similarity to other forms of fascism that were taking place in other parts of the world such as Italy and Germany. However, there are some outstanding differences between the different forms of fascism. To begin with, opposition to communism, virulent nationalism, authoritarian form of government and aggression characterized Japanese fascism. These aspects are shared with other forms of fascism that took place in Germ any and Italy at the same historic period. The concept of fascism remains a controversial issue among historians and political scientists and for this reason, they have failed to reach consensus on the validity of fascism that was in Japan. In particular, the two groups have failed to agree on whether fascism is a revolutionary or a conservative issue. They have also failed to reach consensus as to whether fascism is a modern or a traditional issue. The other issue that is of concern is whether the concept is a direct consequence of the First World War. In addition, socio economic and agricultural modernization has a close link to fascism and this is another source of controversy among most scholars. Above all scholars have failed to reach consensus on the role of fascism as a form of ultra nationalism and as a means of restoring a country’s status. These controversies not only arise in Japanese fascism but it is also a common phenomenon in German and Italian fascism. The eve nts that took place from the time of industrial revolution to World War 1 had a close link to fascism although there is no clear-cut reason as to which event led to the rise of fascism. It is also important to note that all the above countries were directly influenced by these historical events and therefore the form of fascism present in these countries had many similarities. When it comes to taking control over people with their entire mind and might leaders emerges as the best. In a fascist authority, the issue of taking control over the people is of great significance and fascist leaders know that for them to control the naivety of the people well then they have to be affiliated to the religion and traditions of the people.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The national culture and religion was of great importance to fascist (Payne, 1999). Both in Japan and in Italy fascism was characterized by religion affiliation where in Japan, for example the fascist leadership existed in the umbrella of Buddhism while in Italy fascism was affiliated to the orthodox faith. Authority in the past has applied fascism to define the structures of their authorities or government although fascism in itself is not a fully defined political system (Duss and Okimoto, 1997). This fact gives the concept or ideology of fascism the ability to exist in different forms. However, it is important to note that these different forms are not easily distinguishable and as noted by (Sims, 2011) different categories of fascism cannot be distinguished and this applies even in Italy and Germany. In the same article (Sims, 2011) continues to argue that if the issue is perceived from that particular perspective then fascism in Japan did not begin with the invention of the wor d. In Japan, bureaucrats promoted a radical, authoritarian form of technocracy, referred to as â€Å"techno-fascism† (Mimura, 2011). This claim proves the point that fascism manifests in various forms, some can easily be noted while other cannot and this is a major similarity between the fascism in Japan and fascism in Germany, Italy and other European countries. Fascism lacks theoretical definition that is acceptable across border and across the different academic fields. In studying the concept of Japanese fascism, looking at the similarities and the differences that existed between Japanese fascism and the other fascism therefore remains the key element that is applicable. To begin with, unlike in Germany and Italy fascism brought economic destabilization in Japan. By the year 1930 the Japanese was doing far much better and it was closer to Italy and Germany economy more than the Spanish economy (Sims 2011). The Japanese industrial and agricultural sector was also doing mu ch better. However, fascism brought about economic stagnation, which caused dissatisfaction among the people. Fascism also led to massive unemployment. In particular â€Å"disputes involving labor unions did indeed rise from 393 in 1928 to 998 in 1931 and the number of strikes exceeded 80,000† (Sims 2011). Disputes among tenants and property owners also characterized the fascist era in Japan. The dissatisfaction among the Japanese people did not end with the labor union strike because in 1918, a major food crisis that led to the increase in rice prices led to massive demonstrations among the Japanese people. Another thing that was easily notable in Japan during this period is the support that was given to the society movements that were behind the demonstrations by top leaders in the government. All these activities that followed fascism point to one major thing, which is national destabilization. This destabilization is actually, what followed the adoption of this most antic ipated ideology of fascism. This is however very different to what happened in fascist Italy and Germany. â€Å"In this respect the situation in Japan, though less critical, was not unlike that in post-first world war Italy† (Sims, 2011). The young people always have a major role to play for an ideology to achieve its objective. In most cases, most of these ideologies take advantage of the youth’s innocence to work while the benefits go to the older generation. This leads to dissatisfaction among the young people and if this situation arises, the main consequence is destabilization of the economy. Unlike in fascist Germany and Italy the Japanese youths were dissatisfied with their government. The young people also form the majority of the lower class and therefore in Japan the disconnection between the middle and the lower class was a direct consequence of fascism (Siniawer 2008). In particular, expansion of Zaibastu had great effect in young and small-scale entreprene urs and this continued to create the differences between the two classes of people. The issue of unemployment especially among the youths also continued to widen the gap between the middle and the lower class. Although the ideology of fascism had contributed to the rise of the number of colleges and universities in Japan, most of these graduates remained unemployed even after completing their studies. Following this massive unemployment in Japan, the Japanese university students were left with no option than to join radical student’s movements and these movements such as the brotherhood movement band that was responsible for the 1932 assassinations (Reynolds 2004). So, fascism did not leave any choices to people in the countries that were reckoned to be democratic. These consequences of fascism in Japan create a major difference between Japan and other countries that underwent fascism. Contrary to Japan, fascism in Italy brought about the reduction of the gap between the rich and the poor. The ideology was also meant to reduce the differences of economic classes that existed in Europe before that. World War 1 played a major role in shaping the direction taken by the history of most states. To the Japanese’s people world war, one was the source of solidarity and this is what formed the basis for the fascism ideology. This however is different from what happened to postwar Germany and Italy. In these and most of the other European countries world war one had little or no effect on strengthening solidarity among the people. The war created a common enemy that the Japanese people had to fight and this is what strengthened their solidarity. From this solidarity, Japan emerges as a hostile country whereby most of its hostility was directed towards stakes that were against the national integration and solidarity. The approach that Japan was taking led to the deterioration in its international relations and caused its economic decline. A combination of t hese factors gives a clear reason as to why Japan favored a military leader over a democratic leader. Culture determines the people although most of the times people have claimed the opposite holds. Japanese are people who hold their culture to high esteem and therefore the culture of the people was a major determining factor in the success of fascism. The main issue between culture of the Japanese people and fascism is how the Japanese’s culture was able to adapt to fascism. Culture is mostly about how people dress, eat and behave and they are all subject to fascism influence. We are interested on how Japanese fascism operated in artifacts and texts and therefore the connection between it and real life is of concern (Tansman, 1960). From this statement, it is a fact that for Japanese culture and fascism to co-exist, then one had to submit to the other and this is the root of the culture adopting fascism. Violence characterized fascism and the Japanese people had to adopt vio lence as part of their culture. Violence however was part of the Japanese religion and in particular, the Japanese people had a god of war. As stated by Tasman (1960) the gods of war made real the connection between culture as a rhetoric and violence as a reality in life. This directly leads to the idea of heroism, which became a necessity in the culture of fascism. Young people hoped to live as national heroes and therefore they dedicated their lives to serve for the benefit of the Japanese empire (Duus Okimoto 1979). The Japanese people fully dedicated their service to the empire especially during the war to the extent of dying for the empire. Spiritual purity is a part of Japanese culture and this is emphasized through their Buddhist religion. The fascism ideology had the religion as the basis for its leadership and control of the people. The Japanese therefore found a connection between their religion and fascism and therefore their culture readily adapted to fascism. Japanese are also people who believe in hard work and this found application in fascism, which required people to work hard for the good of the Japanese empire. Conclusion Fascism is both an ideology and a concept that became dominant in Japan, Italy and Germany after world war one. Fascism was mainly put in place to foster national integration and development and it was meant to combat the external aggression. Fascism in Japan was different from fascism in Italy and Germany as in Italy and Germany, the Japanese fascism had its root on religion and the culture of the people. Similarly, in all the three states there were different forms of fascism that had no clear distinction. The major difference that stands between the fascism in the three states is that fascism in Japan led to decline in economic prosperity and social integration unlike in Italy and Germany (Sims, 2011). References Duus, Peter and Daniel Okimoto. â€Å"Fascism and the History of Pre-War-Japan: The Failure of a Concept.â €  Journal of Asian Studies 1 (November 1979). Mimura, Janis. 1963- Planning for empire: reform bureaucrats and the Japanese wartime state. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011. Olick, Jeffrey K. 1964- States of Memory: continuities, conflicts, and transformations in national retrospection. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003. Payne, S. G. Fascism in Spain, 1923- 1977. London. University of Wiscon Press. 1999. Reynolds, E. Bruce. Japan in the Fascist era. New York, N.Y. : Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Sims, Richard. Criminal Justice in Action: Belmont. Cengage Learning, 2011. Siniawer, Eiko Maruko. Japan in the Fascist era, 1860-1960. Ithaca. Cornell University Press, 2008. Skirbekk, Gilje, A History of Western Thoughts: From Ancient Greece to the Twentieth Century. New York: John Wily and Sons, 2011. Tansman, Alan. 1960- The culture of Japanese fascism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009. This research paper on Japanese Fascism was written and submitted by user Madeleine U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Despite big-name billing, The Sixth Sense is a riveting thriller Essays

Despite big-name billing, The Sixth Sense is a riveting thriller Essays Despite big-name billing, The Sixth Sense is a riveting thriller Essay Despite big-name billing, The Sixth Sense is a riveting thriller Essay The big name in The Sixth Sense is Bruce Willis, who gives a strong but subtle performance. But the real star is the films writer/director M. Night Shyamalan. Remember the name of this 29-year-old Philadelphia filmmaker because he is a major talent with a vision and voice as remarkable as a young Spielbergs. Also pay attention to 11-year-old Haley Joel Osment, Willis co-star. You probably dont remember him as Forrest Junior in Forrest Gump, but youll never forget him after The Sixth Sense. The movie deals with child psychologist Malcolm Crowe (Willis) who, after receiving a prestigious award for his work with children, is brutally accosted by one of his failures (Donnie Wahlberg). A year later, Malcolm tries to atone for his earlier mistake by taking the case of a young boy named Cole Sear (Osment), whose unvoiced fears have driven him away from everyone, including his mother (Toni Collette of Muriels Wedding). His commitment to the boy, however, further alienates Malcolm from his wife Anna (Olivia Williams) who feels that Malcolm has all but abandoned her. And the fact that she is wooed by one of her co-workers doesnt help the domestic situation. When Cole finally reveals his secret to Malcom, the psychologist is ready to concede that the boy is beyond his help, delusional and paranoid to the extreme. Cole thinks that he sees dead people all the time, everywhere. They are the ones, he claims, who are responsible for the cuts and bruises on his body, not his mother (as the emergency room physician suspects). At first skeptical, Malcolm soon has reason to believe the boy. When Cole begs him for help with the ghosts (Make them go away!), Malcolm responds quite sincerely, Im working on it. It would be absolutely criminal to reveal anything more about the plot, and you should avoid friends who have seen the movie and want to tell you about it. Suffice it to say that The Sixth Sense is genuinely creepy, heart-warming and utterly surprising the best American film of the summer. A major Internet source remarked how the film seemed to come out of nowhere, with little pre-release publicity despite the presence of Willis. Thats all for the good since too much hype, with which we have been inundated this season (The Phantom Menace, The Blair Witch Project), cant help but dull almost any films reception. Whoever was responsible for keeping The Sixth Sense under wraps probably guessed that a movie this good only needs word-of-mouth to get its audiences. Its unclear whether Bruce Willis got his $20 million standard fee, but hes worth it in The Sixth Sense for the marquee value of his name alone, which will draw people to the movie who might otherwise have passed it up. Even more to his credit, Willis gives a superb performance in a very different kind of role than action fans might expect. Everything the macho star does in The Sixth Sense is restrained and convincing. Willis has always been a good actor with considerable range, whatever his detractors might claim. This movie should effectively silence his naysayers. Everyone else is also quite good, especially young Osment, who conveys his characters tortured anxiety with aching conviction. Collette, nearly unrecognizable from her Muriel role, plays the boys mother like a real parent, not a movie mother. Her frustration, her fear and her love are all palpable. Ultimately, however, The Sixth Sense is a triumph for its writer/director, Indian-born M. Night Shyamalan. Last year in Wide Awake, the filmmaker explored another facet of childhood fears, as its diminutive hero sought to determine the existence of God after the death of his grandfather. Though his last film wore sentiment on its sleeve, Shyamalan nevertheless coaxed wonderful performances from his child performers as well as from Rosie ODonnell, who played a frisky but kind nun. The Sixth Sense is both darker and more mature, even though it incorporates elements of horror and the supernatural. A few scenes in this movie will scare the bejeezus out of you, others will touch your heart. Again, like early Spielberg, who was equally wonderful with children and other worlds, Shyamalan spins an engrossing tale of terror, love and redemption. Most directors would have given their eyeteeth for Shyamalans screenplay, but its doubtful any of them could have directed it so well.

Amiable and Amicable

Amiable and Amicable My dear friends,  amiable and amicable are both agreeable words, but theyre used in slightly different ways. Definitions The adjective amiable means friendly, pleasant, likable, and/or sociable. Amiable is commonly used to describe people. The adverb form is amiably. The adjective amicable means peaceable, willing, or characterized by goodwill. Amicable is generally used to describe situations, encounters, or relationships between people. The adverb form is amicably. Also see the usage notes below.   Examples Hes a big amiable man from Aberdeennothing fazes him and he takes everything in his stride.(Irvine Welsh, My Mentor. The Guardian [UK], July 4, 2008)Guinea pigs do not judge. They do not bully. They are characteristically amiable, social and oh-so-tactile. They tuck comfortably into child-size laps and err on the side of the seriously cute.(Jan Hoffman, Guinea Pigs Are Autistic Child’s Best Friend. The New York Times, June 29, 2015)I think he felt as I did- just a vague sense of sadness at the futility of it all. We were able to sort out our affairs without conflict. Perhaps that is what constitutes an  amicable separation. It was defined not by the presence of friendship but the lack of animosity.(Linda Olsson, The Memory of Love. Penguin, 2013)Following a vacation that Amy took with the two children but without Harry (he couldnt take off time from work), she announced that she wanted a divorce and had never loved him. The process was  surprisingly amicable, with Amy agre eing that Harry would get custody.(Geoffrey L. Greif and Rebecca L. Hegar, When Parents Kidnap. The Free Press, 1993) Usage Notes These are two lovely words. Amiable ultimately derives from Latin words meaning friendly and lovable. And amicable derives from the Latin for friend, which is related to love. But theyre used in different ways in English.Amiable people are friendly, likeable. An amiable mood, conversation, behavior, nature, etc., is friendly, kindly. likeable.Amiability is friendliness, likeability.Amicable relationships, talks, agreements, etc. are characterized by goodwill and a polite and friendly desire not to disagree.To do something amicably is to do it cordially, without quarreling.(Stephen Spector, May I Quote You on That? Oxford University Press, 2015)   Practice (a) The bears and local citizens have an _____ truce, with residents often carrying out a small level of subsistence whaling to keep the polar bears from starving.(Waiting for Sunset: The Stunning Images of Polar Bears at Sundown in Alaska. Daily Express [UK], November 5, 2013)(b) Moments later the bus halts and Abu Riyad, an extremely _____  policeman  with a fine sense of humor, climbs aboard and welcomes us to Jordan.(Carol Spencer Mitchell,  Danger Pay: Memoir of a Photojournalist in the Middle East, 1984-1994. University of Texas Press, 2008)   Answers to Practice Exercises Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words   Answers to Practice Exercises: Amiable and Amicable (a) The bears and local citizens have an amicable truce, with residents often carrying out a small level of subsistence whaling to keep the polar bears from starving.(Waiting for Sunset: The Stunning Images of Polar Bears at Sundown in Alaska.  Daily Express  [UK], November 5, 2013) (b) Moments later the bus halts and Abu Riyad, an extremely amiable  policeman  with a fine sense of humor, climbs aboard and welcomes us to Jordan.(Carol Spencer Mitchell,  Danger Pay: Memoir of a Photojournalist in the Middle East, 1984-1994. University of Texas Press, 2008)   Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

MGMT444 U1 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT444 U1 IP - Research Paper Example Organization is one of the key attributes that every business manager is expected to have. This characteristic ensures that desired business performance is achieved on periodic basis and new opportunities that arise during the course are not only identified but also utilized. Therefore, manager is expected to remain well aware at all times or at least have a mechanism or system in place to do so on systematic basis. 3) A major part of your job would involve managing people. It is important for us that our business managers are perceived as just and approachable. Have you come across such situations where maintaining objectivity would have been difficult in interpersonal situations? A business manager is required to be well respected by their subordinates. For this purpose, being just and fair is important. It is also important in order to motivate employees and have effective communication with them through different media (Hunter, 2009). 4) What do you think is the key of motivating one’s team? What attributes should managers have in this regard? Have you introduced any measures in your previous organizations to enhance employees’ morale and motivation level? A business manager is required to be aware of existing market practices used to motivate employees intrinsically as well as extrinsically (Hunter, 2009; Collins, 2001). Also, they should be creative enough to analyze needs of their subordinates and introduce new regime of policies to motivate them. 5) We believe that our managers represent our culture and values, as they are responsible for coaching and mentoring our workforce. Please tell us how you see yourself compatible with our values and principles. Coaching and mentoring is an important aspect of leading workforce. This function not only involves training employees regarding their function but also guide them about career progression and personal circumstances faced by them. It is

Theories and theorists with the causes and responses to problematic Literature review

Theories and theorists with the causes and responses to problematic behaviour in children - Literature review Example One of the most basic debates revolves around the respective importance of the features and qualities that a child is born with, and those that are acquired from the environment as a child matures in the company of other people. This is known as the nature/nurture debate (Eysenk, 1997, 305-309) and a number of psychologists have devised experiments to try and work this out, so that more can be understood about how a child learns to interact with others, absorbing the rules of society and finding ways to adapt to the demands of school. Clearly if scholars can understand how behaviour is acquired, then they have more chance of finding ways to intervene if problems arise in this process. Behaviourism is one of the most well-known theories of child development. The Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) conducted some very famous experiments on animals to research the way that learning takes place. He was primarily interested in physiology and his experiment with dogs showed that a random connection between a certain sound, and a reward of food, meant nothing to a dog at first, but with repeated association of the two, the dog could be trained to respond to the tone, in anticipation of the food, so that when the tone sounded, for the dog would salivate, even though there was no food in the room. Pavlov noted that this reflex action occurred spontaneously in the dog, whenever the stimulus was given, and this was called conditioning and it provided the basis for the theory of behaviourism. An example of the enduring truth of these theories can be observed in some typical behaviours in the context of education: â€Å"†¦ our actions may condition inappropriate a s well as appropriate behaviours, such as the automatic lack of attention to the lesson the moment the bell rings.† (Woollard, 2010, p. 12) Further work on this line of thinking was done by American psychologist Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949), based on the way that cats learn to solve puzzles. Thorndike focussed on repetition of tasks, showing that the more frequently an action is required, and the more often a reward is offered for completion of this action, the more likely it is that the animal will learn the action. The implications for child behaviour are that learning should be provided in well structured, rather repetitive ways, with consistency in the reward system so that the child over time learns to fit in with what is expected of him. The psychologist John Watson (1878-1958) used the tools of scientific experimentation to demonstrate the validity of behaviourism: â€Å"Based on his research on higher order animals, Watson strove to bring to psychology the same me asure of objectivity that marked some of the other traditional sciences such as physics and chemistry.† (Hart and Kritsonis, 2006, pp. 2-3) The empirical method, based on experiments and data analysis were a major part of Watson’s behaviourism and he is credited with establishing the credibility of Psychology as a discipline. Continuing in this same vein, B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) developed these ideas using rats initially, and then drawing parallels with child development. He devised experiments in which rats were required to push levers to obtain food, and this was called operant conditioning, because the rats had to actively operate the equipment to achieve the desired result. The important factor which he applied to child behaviour, was that rewards and punishments could be used to condition children to behave in certain ways. Skinner’s behaviour modification theories hold that positive reinforcements, such as praise and encouragement will work more effectivel y than negative reinforcements, such as punishment, because the associations of past experiences will gradually persuade the child

Advantages and disadvantages of internet Essay Example for Free

Advantages and disadvantages of internet Essay Nowadays internet is the most common form of communication. It is a worldwide connection of computer systems over a massive network. There are certain advantages and disadvantages to the Internet. First of all internet has made communication very simple, easy and convenient. It is possible to stay in touch with people that you hardly ever see. Moreover internet is a source of knowledge. Anyone could simply open internet and get many information about anything. In other words it is a small encyclopedia about everything in the universe. Nothing online is trustworthy. Websites that are supposed to be trusted and are supposed to be reliable are not full of reliable information. Even major websites that are run by big and trusted companies are using writing firms to write their websites and the writing firms are simply hiring the cheapest freelancers to do their work for them. It is true that the Internet has made it easier to find out basic facts such as the location of places, but even that information is commonly incorrect. Also some people use the Internet too much and forgot real life contact. It may now be easier to keep in contact with people you know, but it has removed any incentive to visit people. In other words it can be addictive and a waste of time and even money. Two angles have been compared in both a positive and negative light. Internet can be useful and dangerous at the same time. In my opinion, Treat the information you read online with a high degree of skepticism and you will be alright. It is also a good idea to use the Internet in order to stay in contact with people, as it is easy and convenient. However, do not allow online contact to start replacing physical contact. It is important to strike a balance between the two.

Adolf Hitler :: essays research papers

EARLY YEARS Adolf Hitler was born in Austria, on the 20th of April 1889. His father was a customs officer and his mother a peasant girl, he was a poor student who never completed high school. He lived in Vienna until 1913 and lived off his orphans pension and money from pictures he drew. He read a lot of books and began to develop anti-Jewish and antidemocratic beliefs, a like to outstanding individuals and a dislike for ordinary working people. In World War I Hitler, who was in Munich, volunteered in the *Bavarian army. He proved to be a dedicated and courageous soldier but he was never promoted beyond private first class. After Germany’s defeat in 1918 he returned to Munich staying in the army till 1920. His commander then made him an educational officer with the permission to justify his charges against pacifist and democratic ideas. In September 1919 he joined the nationalist German Workers party and in April 1920 he went on to work full time for the party that had changed its name to the National German Workers (nazi) party. In 1921 he was elected party chairman with very dominating powers. RISE TO POWER Hitler after organizing many meetings, terrorizing political rivals spread his racial hatred and soon became an important part in Bavarian Politics, and was assisted by his high officials and businessmen. In November 1923 he led an uprising against the Weimar Republic but without military support his rebellion failed and as the organizer he was sentenced to five years in prison, of which he served 8 months and was then released as the result of a general amnesty. He then rebuilt his party without interference from the government in December 1924. When the Great Depression struck in 1929 his theory of it as a Jewish plot to make Germany a communist country was accepted by many Germans, he then promised a stronger country with many jobs and national glory, he attracted millions of voters and Nazi representation in Germanys parliament rose from 12 seats to 107 in just 2 years. During the next two years the nazi party kept expanding and benefiting from the growing unemployment, fear of e veryone becoming an equal (communism) and the shyness of his political rivals. GERMANY’S DICTATOR When Hitler established himself as a dictator thousands of anti-Nazis were hauled off to concentration camps and all public knowledge was kept quiet. An Enabling Act passed by a passive legislature allowed him to modify the government system and judiciary, replace all labour unions with one Nazi controlled German Labour Front, and ban all political parties except his own.

Neo-Liberal Hyperglobalism

Globalisation is a major topic of debate of our era. Globalisation can be defined as the â€Å"global growing interconnectedness between economy, technology, culture and political institutions† (Lofgren & Sarangi, 2009, pg. 57). This essay will discuss how globalisation can be good for developing countries. By applying Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism, I will analyse and demonstrate the various beneficial effects of globalisation through the case of India and the reform measures they have recently taken towards globalisation.Globalisation can provide new opportunities for developing countries due to increased access to developed country markets and technology, resulting in improved productivity and higher living standards (Balakrishnan, 2004). Following a major economic crises, India liberalised it’s economy in the early nineties. Inflation had rocketed to an annual rate of 17%, high fiscal deficit had become unsustainable and foreign investors confidence in Indian Economy wa s low (Goyal, 2006, p. 167). It was these factors that put pressure on the Indian government to call for a complete revamp of their economic policies.Some of the major changes made, as part of the economic liberalisation and globalisation strategy, included government’s privatisation and disinvestment in a majority of the public sector undertakings, allowing foreign direct investment (FDI) across many industries, the removal of quantitative restrictions on imports and the reduction of customs tariff from over 300% to 30 % (Goyal, 2006, p. 167). The main purpose of India’s economic reform is to ultimately â€Å"integrate Indian economy with world economy† (Singh, 1995, p. 36).This liberalisation and globalisation of the economy can help solve India’s major problems of unemployment and poverty. India’s economic reform favours a more open and market orientated economy (Goyal, 2006, p. 166). India’s new economic structure emulates the principals of neo-liberal Hyperglobalism. Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism â€Å"celebrates the global dominance of market principals over state power† (Lofgren & Sarangi, 2009, pg. 70). This means that decisions about allocation, production and distribution in the economy are left to the global economy rather than the government. Burke, Devetak & George, 2008, p. 299). States are increasingly the ‘decision- takers' and not the ‘decision-makers' (Goldblatt, Held, McGrew & Perraton, 1999). Three key terms that come out of neoliberalism are deregulation, liberalisation and privatisation all of which India’s new economic policies draw on. Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism favours globalism as beneficial process for a developing country. The benefits that Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism can provide are evident in India. India’s steps towards globalisation through new economic reforms have produced some significant benefits for the country.The privatisation of particular state-owned enterprises provides the government with an increased amount of cash which they can then spend on increasing their citizen’s quality of life through increased food supplies and the development of hospitals, schools, infrastructure etc in poverty stricken regions. The domestic economy has been freed up from state control, virtually abolishing state monopoly in all sectors (Panagariya, 2001). This has lead to greater competition in industries; resulting in lower prices, a greater supply of goods which benefits the citizens (Goyal, 2006, p. 68). Another step towards globalisation that has proven beneficial for India is the decision to allow foreign direct investment in the Indian industry. The huge amounts of foreign investment that now enter India have significantly boosted the country’s economy. Many foreign companies have set up industries in India, mainly in pharmaceutical, BPO, petroleum, manufacturing and chemical sectors, which have created greater employment oppo rtunities for Indian people, decreasing unemployment and poverty (Dwivedi, 2009).A further benefit of globalisation due to foreign investment in India is the advanced technology that the foreign companies bring with them (Dwivedi, 2009). Advancements in medicine which improve the health of citizens is an example how becoming more technologically advanced can be beneficial for the country. The economic reforms that reduce custom tariffs and remove restrictions on imports support the principals of neo-liberal Hyperglobalism. That is that measures should be taken that allow trade and finance to have unrestricted movement (Burke et. al. , 2010).Removing taxes and quotas can increase international trade which in turn increases economic competition. Competition was rife in the economy, after India’s economic reform, as more imports were encouraged (Balakrishnan, 2004). Exports also significantly increased as countries became more willing to accept India’s products due to the reductions in custom tariffs (Goyal, 2006, p. 170). This improved relationship between India and its trading partners can encourage low prices, reduce unemployment through the creation of more jobs and induce improved living standards.Improved relationships between developed and undeveloped economies can prove to be profitable and extremely valuable for developing countries especially when future policies have to be negotiated. Overall, the economic reforms initiated in India since 1991 has helped the Indian economy to grow at a faster rate and led to fiscal consolidation, control of inflation, and increased foreign investment and technology (Goyal, 2006). The reforms aimed to lliberalise and globalise the domestic economy have helped boost GDP growth rates, which increased from 5. 6% in 1990-91 to a peak level of 77. % in 1996-97 (Balakrishnan, 2004). The new economic policies have also proven to increase citizen’s living standards with increased employment opportunities an d a decrease in poverty from 36% in 1993-94 to 26. 1% in 1999-2000 (Fox, 2002). The new policies can be used to further support the country’s citizens and develop the country. The Indian government’s strategy to globalise their economy has revealed that globalisation can be beneficial to a developing country by aiding the nation to a more favourable financial position. However, there are also negative effects of globalisation.A significant negative effect is the increase in inequality that can arise from globalisation. There have been arguments that state an increase in GDP can in fact increase income inequality. â€Å"Wealth is still concentrated in the hands of a few individuals and a common man in a developing country is yet to see any major benefits of globalization† (Lovekar, 2010). Also multi-national corporations (MNC) can worsen income inequality by generating jobs and producing goods that primarily benefit the richest portion of the population (Positive and Negative Effects of Multinational Corporations, 2010).This means that the richer are getting richer and the poorer are getting poorer. Many employees are working in awful conditions where negligible health and safety regulations apply. This is an example of globalisation can develop an exploitative nature. Furthermore, â€Å"the market economy seems to be more concentrated on the growth of consumerism to attract the high income groups who are mostly in the cities in the developing countries† (Malik, 2010, p. 4). The globalisation strategy paid little attention to the rural economy and the agricultural sector, which is essentially the backbone of the Indian economy.The agriculture sector is a major provider of food and nutrition to the people as well as raw materials to industries and to export trade (Malik, 2010). A further impact the globalisation strategy has had on agriculture sector is the decrease of agriculture’s share in GDP, which has resulted in a decreas e of the per capita income of the farmers and an increase of rural indebtedness (Malik, 2010). India’s era of reforms exhibit many themes that are parallel those of Neo-liberal Hyperglobalism.Since 1991, India has experienced the strong inroad of neoliberalism (Lofgren & Sarangi, 2009). The new economic reforms indicate a strong movement towards deregulation, privitisation and liberalisation of the Indian economy. These three factors are all examples of neoliberalism (Burke et. al. , 2010). A neo-liberal hyperglobalist state would believe that rather than the government trying to regulate and control the market through strict policies, the government should make policies to accommodate and open up the market.India’s new policies indicate the government’s willingness to adopt this thinking and it is through this thinking that has marked India’s steps towards the â€Å"real integration of the Indian economy into the global economy† (Malik, 2010, p. 1 ). In other words India is taking steps towards globalisation. India is an example of how the globalisation of a developing country can be positive and beneficial. Although there are some unfavourable effects such as income inequality, the overall benefits a developing country can receive from globalisation outweigh the negatives.India has proved how applying neo-liberal hyperglobalist principals to the domestic economy of a country can prove to be advantageous. With a greater focus on further developing a globalised economy, developing countries can aim to increase the working and living standards for the country’s citizens and subsequently become a healthy and wealthier state. A more liberal and global market can achieve improved living standards and wealth through the promotion of competition, efficiency, productivity, technological-upgradation and growth (Singh, 1995).Hence I believe, like a hyperglobalist, that globalisation is good for a developing country. References B alakrishnan, C. (2004). Impact of Globalisation on Developing Countries and India. Retrieved October 10, 2010, from http://economics. about. com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization. htm Burke, A. , Devetak, R. , & George, J. (2008). An Introduction to International Relations: Australian Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. Dwivedi, M. (2009). South Asia Security. India: Kalpaz Publications. Fox, J. W. (2002).Poverty in India Since 1974: A Country Case Study. Retrieved October 10, 2010, from http://www. ekh. lu. se/ekhcgu/teaching/401d4/poverty%20in%20india. pdf Goldblatt, D. , Held, D. , McGrew, A. , Perraton, J. (1999). Global Transformations: What is globalisation? Retrieved October 11, 2010, from http://www. polity. co. uk/global/whatisglobalization. asp Goyal, K. A. (2006). Impact of Globalization on Developing Countries (With Special Reference To India). International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, (5), 1450-2887.Retrieved October 10, 2010, from ht tp://www. eurojournals. com/IRJFE%206%20goyal. pdf Lofgren, H. , & Sarangi, P. (2009). The Politics and Culture of Globalisation: India and Australia. Social Science Press. Lovekar, V. (2010). Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization. Retrieved October 11, 2010, from http://www. buzzle. com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-globalization. html Malik, T. (2010). Impact of globalization on Indian economy- An overview. Retrieved October 10, 2010, from http://www. ibre2fashion. com/industry-article/8/738/impact-of-globalization7. asp Panagariya, A. (2001). India’s Economic Reforms: What Has Been Accomplished? What Remains to Be Done? ERD POLICY BRIEF SERIES Economics and Research Department,(2). Retrieved October 10, 2010, from http://www. adb. org/Documents/EDRC/Policy_Briefs/PB002. pdf Positive and Negative Effects of Multinational Corporations. (2010). Retrieved October 11, 2010, from http://www. socialscience. gardner-webb. edu/Faculty/craymond/Devdocs/DevMNCposn

Management position within hospitality industry

The most complex work in the hotel in terms of communication and of coordinating and completing working documents is done by Floor Managers. These employees often supervise others who perform service tasks directly for the guests. Floor Managers are responsible for liaising between Room Attendants on the guest floors and managers in the housekeeping office.Qualifications required are a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in hotel management, and work experience in hospitality industry. At the basement-level housekeeping office, Floor Managers report and monitor room status and special room requests received from other parts of the hotel. They check the computer-generated status reports for discrepancies from their visual checks of the actual rooms. If a room coded for check-out appeared occupied on the floor, they would check the Expected Departure report on the computer to see if the guest had actually checked out (Bardi 2002).Usually, the main requires are:SupervisionInvent ory managementQuality ControlCoordination of other managers and staffShipping and receivingDocumentary control (Floor Manager Position 2007).The responsibilities are:Each one supervises 15 Room Attendants and two Housemen, covering three to four floors, or 240–320 rooms.On the floors, they check the status and progress of room cleaning, inspected rooms and augmented the Room Attendants' work.One of their duties, for example, is putting triple bed sheets and extra amenities in VIP rooms.They have to get the extra sheet, then take some of the bedding off and remake the bed. The number of VIPs they had to do beds for is never predictable, and they have to squeeze them into their regularly scheduled activities.The number of floors and rooms Floor Managers are responsible for varied, too, because of airline employee guests, who rarely checked out until after the day shift finished, and because of movement in the predicted house counts (overall room occupancies) (Powers and Barrows 2002).The Floor Managers are all in the office together at three times during the day: the beginning and end of the shift, and during the midmorning clearing and briefing meeting. These are busy, but not clearly structured times, with managers picking up special supplies, double-checking irregularities in the room status reports, answering phones. In Hilton Hotels, for instance, Floor Managers work is organized as follows:workday starts, between 7 and 8; the Floor Managers come in and prepared their own worksheets for the day; they check the 6:30 a.m. room status reports and special requests, along with the log book confirming their floor assignments;  then they go up on the floors to check the room status and supply needs with each Room Attendant, who has verified their status as soon as she/he arrives on the floor;Floor Managers then return downstairs to check and adjust room assignments against the Coordinator's log book (Powers and Barrows 2002). For example, some rooms in th e early-morning computer status report noted as vacant and clean may have become occupied in the interim. Or vacant and clean rooms may have become VIP or rush rooms, which Floor Managers would hear about in the office and have to inform the Room Attendant about. In many cases, Floor Manager’s position is called a â€Å"supervisor†.Floor Managers themselves have to identify VIP rooms and they have to spend extra time to set up the rooms, and collect and deliver the extras. The VIP rooms could not be neglected, and they are seldom blocked (assigned by Front Desk) in advance. So throughout the day, Floor Managers have to monitor upcoming VIP rooms and prepare them in time for the guests' arrival (Powers and Barrows 2002).Work stress and pressure is a remarkable feature of this position. Very often, checking room reports against their lists, for example, is interrupted by a ringing telephone or a co-worker's query. Most often the interruption involves a guest's urgent req uest, which demanded an immediate response. People write down notes, speak on the phone to guests, page others to fill requests and relay orders to the Centralized Action Room. Several talks at once; seldom are the exchange restricted to two people (Stutts 2001).Floor Managers work primarily from photocopied forms attached to clipboards that they fill out each day as they completed their work. The worksheets serve as organizational tools, memory aids and long-term records, to be boxed and stored for a prescribed number of years. From my observations throughout the hotel, the computers stored information on sales, purchases, personnel and payroll, and guests and occupancy rather than any detailed records of daily work.And unless each Floor Manager is equipped with a hand-held computer, inputting such information would have been impractical when there is already a paper record. In the basement office, Floor Managers also check for recent special requests like rush rooms or VIPs, or th ey receive them as phone messages, occasionally via pager (Stutts 2001).ReferencesBardi J.A. (2002). Hotel Front Office Management Wiley; 3 edition. Floor Manager Position (2007). Retrieved 01 July 2007, Powers T., Barrows C.W. (2002). Introduction to the Hospitality Industry. Wiley, 5 edition. Stutts A. (2001). Hotel and Lodging Management. An Introduction. Wiley.

Price discrimination essay

Price discrimination essay Price discrimination essay Price discrimination essayPrice discrimination is the practice of charging different prices from different categories of customers. There are debates regarding the ethical side of price discrimination. On one hand, purchases are voluntary acts and as long as customers are willing to purchase the goods in the presence of price discrimination, sellers will continue practicing price discrimination. On the other hand, Tiemstra (2006) emphasizes that price discrimination is unjust both from the utilitarian perspective (as it allows producers to raise profit margins higher compared to ordinary competition) and from the perspective of justice equal customers should be treated equally and the sellers rewards for selling equal products should be equal as well. In general, sellers tend to view price discrimination as fair and buyers perceive price discrimination as unfair, especially in the case when price discrimination is evident for example, when online resources provide a field for enter ing a coupon code (Oliver Shor, 2003).One argument in support of price discrimination is libertarian argument: due to the voluntary nature of market bargains, price discrimination is acceptable and justified, and, moreover, it stimulates the development of products with high fixed costs or significant research costs which would not be possible in the absence of price discrimination (Tiemstra, 2006). It is not possible to state that price discrimination is universally fair or universally unfair; there are different situations and different industries and the ethical side of price discrimination should be considered separately in each situation according to the context.An example of a situation when price discrimination is fair is the case when luxury goods with premium design are sold at different prices to different customers. For example, affluent customers want to purchase a high-quality TV and want to do it in minimal time. In this case, the best solution for them is to visit a retail shop and make the purchase quickly and effortlessly, although at a higher price.An example of a situation when price discrimination is unfair is the example when a manufacturer of drugs producing a vitally important drug charges a price with excessively high markup because the customers will buy it in any case. However, the latter example also has exceptions in those cases when the drug manufacturer had high investment costs, it would be fair to set higher prices to compensate for the costs and to continue research to improve the drug. In general, price discrimination has high chances of being unfair in the cases when higher prices are charged for goods with low price elasticity of demand (i.e. essential goods). However, in each particular case the fairness of price discrimination should be considered separately and there is no reason for outlawing price discrimination in general.

Still More Words That Turn on the Root Vert

Still More Words That Turn on the Root Vert Still More Words That Turn on the Root Vert Still More Words That Turn on the Root Vert By Mark Nichol Two recent posts (here and here) dealt with many of the English words based on the Latin verb vertere, meaning â€Å"turn,† focusing on those based on the root vert. This follow-up post defines some additional words in the vertere family: those with the root vers. Versus (abbreviated vs. or, in legal contexts, v.) comes directly from the Latin adverb meaning â€Å"so as to face† and means â€Å"against† or â€Å"in contrast to.† As a Latin noun, versus meant â€Å"furrow† or â€Å"row,† alluding to how a plow was turned at the end of each row, and later acquired the sense of a line and a line of writing, hence verse. That word pertains to a line of metrical writing, a poem in particular or poetry in general, a stanza (one of two or more sections of a poem) or a similar segment of a song, or a brief division of the Bible. Interestingly, an antonym of verse in the sense of â€Å"poetry,† prose, which refers to more loosely structured forms of writing that resemble speech- and to ordinary written and spoken language or, pejoratively, something dull or ordinary (described with the adjective prosaic and the adverb prosaically)- is a contraction of proversus, meaning â€Å"turned forward.† Prose itself functions also as an adjective (as in â€Å"prose poem,† referring to a hybrid form of writing) and as a verb. Verso (â€Å"the page being turned†) means â€Å"left-hand page† or â€Å"reverse side of a page.† (The opposite term is recto.) â€Å"Vice versa,† taken directly from Latin, means â€Å"with the order turned.† Versatile (from versatilis, meaning â€Å"able to or capable of turning† or â€Å"operated by turning†) usually describes being able to turn from one thing to another, such as two distinct skills, or having variability or various applications; such a quality is called versatility. In biology, it describes free movement of an appendage or segment of an animal or plant. Version, borrowed directly from the medieval Latin verb meaning â€Å"act of turning,† refers to a variation of a description of something or a type of something, and in medicine pertains to an organ of the body turned from its normal position or to the turning of a fetus during childbirth to facilitate delivery. Anniversary literally means â€Å"year turning† and describes a recurrence of a date, whether annual or on some other scale, or refers to a celebration of such a date. Adverse, which literally means â€Å"turn against,† refers to an action or attitude that is harmful, hostile, or unfavorable; an adversary is an enemy or opponent. Malversation, literally â€Å"bad turn,† pertains to corruption or a corrupt government administration. Obverse (literally, â€Å"turned toward†) means â€Å"facing† or â€Å"opposite† but also describes something wider at the top than at the base. Transverse means â€Å"placed across† or pertains to something so positioned, while traverse means â€Å"travel across or over,† â€Å"move or pass along or through,† â€Å"examine,† or â€Å"survey†; in legal contexts, it means â€Å"deny† or â€Å"oppose.† As a noun, it describes a course or crossing or other movement, or an obstacle or something that crosses. Universe, from universus, meaning â€Å"whole,† describes, in contexts ranging from astronomy to philosophy, the entirety of existence or experience, or something similarly comprehensive or of great quantity; the adjectival form is universal, and the noun describing the quality or state of comprehensiveness is universality. The related term university, derived from the Latin phrase universitas magistrorum et scholarium (essentially, â€Å"community of teachers and scholars†), refers to an institution of higher learning, often composed of several colleges, schools, or other divisions. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and ExpressionsCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsIs "Number" Singular or Plural?

Credit risk management in banking sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Credit risk management in banking sector - Essay Example Credit risk management appears to have improved during the past decades due to greater reliance on market determined prices. Credit risk today is managed through the creation of an in-house risk management unit. In addition, efficient credit risk valuation methods are being employed today by banks. Banks have also resorted into more advanced methods of credit risk management and quantification such as value at risk, stress testing, credit scoring. According to BIS paper No.33, financial markets are subject to various sources of risk: credit, market, liquidity, operational and legal risks. These risks tend to be more pronounced in the developing world than in developed countries due to a lower level of economic, financial and institutional development. Credit risk tends to be more acute as a result of a lack of highly rated counterparties. Market and liquidity risks are higher due to thinly traded markets (IMF BIS Paper No. 33). Operational risks may also be exacerbated because of inadequate human resources or the failure of manual, mechanical or electronic systems to process payments. Finally, legal risk may also be part of the environment (for instance, due to the inability to foreclose on collateral). The next section discusses credit risk and some of its components and how it can be managed. 1.2 Credit Risk According to the International Monetary Fund Business Paper No. 33, credit risk is the risk that a debt issuer will default is known as credit risk; this is typically the most important form of risk for commercial banks (Shapiro, 2003; Buckley, 1996; Muller and Verschoor, 2005; Solt and Wayne, 2001).Solt & Wayne (2001) argues that, in assessing credit risk, an institution needs to consider three issues: default probabilities over the horizon of the obligation, credit exposure (ie how large the obligation is when the default occurs) and the recovery rate (ie what part of the exposure may be recovered through bankruptcy proceedings or some other form of settlement) (Solt and Wayne, 2001). Credit risk is often difficult to assess due to the lack of information on the credit history and financial position of borrowers, inadequate accounting practices and standards that make it difficult to evaluate credit exposures, macroeconomic volatility and deficiencies in the institutional environment (e.g., political instability) (BIS Paper No.33, 2005). Weak enforcement of creditor rights may also contribute to uncertainty regarding recovery rates. Although many of these factors have been improving in recent years, progress in some cases is slow (Mohanty et al., 2006). Moreno (2006) highlights two key issues related to credit risk that are relevant for emerging market economies (EMEs). First, the distinct increase in the share of credit to the household sector that has been observed in a number of countries could lower credit risk if the concentration of bank assets fell, if consumer credit diversifies risk among a larger number of borrowers. Moreno (2006), further states that, credit risk could rise if banks are lending in new market segments. Second, there is significant credit risk associated with the effects of asset price fluctuations on banking books. One concern in this case is the volatility

Marketing high street fashions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing high street fashions - Essay Example In the past, high end retailers like those commonly found on High Street in London used to segment their most relevant customers by needs and lifestyle, along with resource availability depending on their social class. However, with rising competition from fast fashion, lower-end retailers acting like high-end fashion retailers, this philosophy has changed. Western models of segmentation such as the VALS2 Network which describes eight different lifestyle and resource tendencies of key markets are not as effective as they once were. This model describes active lifestyles versus more sedentary buyers with traditionalist values, as two examples, in order to help marketers identify with key needs, values and attitudes (Boone & Kurtz 2007). However, the current recession is changing even the buying behaviours of the most elite of customers who are looking for more value in their fashion purchases. Banister & Hogg (2004) identify that self-esteem has been one of the most important motivators for the consumption of symbolic goods, including fashion. Self-esteem, as related to high end fashion merchandise, involves how a consumer feels about the enhancements that fashion clothing adds to their lifestyle or image that directly impacts their final decision to select key branded merchandise. Self-esteem is also comparative to others in society, their own reference groups such as peers and celebrities, that provides the motivation to make high-dollar purchases in order to fit their own mould of what constitutes success and wealth. However, understanding what drives trend-based self-esteem requires a significant investment in primary research, such as the use of questionnaires and surveys, and the information is not beneficial over the long-term due to changing values and social conditions. Companies that are finding themselves with strapped and tight budgets do not have the resource s or the labour investment to conduct complicated psychologically-based primary studies consistently and must find new methods to target and segment their key customers most likely to make purchases and be loyal to the brand. Therefore, segmentation in high-end fashion retailers occurs differently today, amidst a difficult economy with rising competition globally. Geographic segmentation occurs regularly, especially for high-street retailers with a great deal of their support coming from local consumers in the London region with adequate resources to make purchases or those unaffected by the difficult economic conditions plaguing European countries. This is rather straight-forward for many fashion companies as it helps divide catalogue distribution and ensure that the right customers receive this literature to promote products. Today, primarily, marketers use psychographic segmentation strategies to understand buyer behaviour and gain presence in key markets they have

Greek Parthenon Architect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Greek Parthenon Architect - Essay Example How the work is significant for the period in which it was created. It should be remembered that Greek religious society has anciently been controlled by gods. This magnificent construction was dedication to the Greek goddess Athena, and was completed in 438 BC. In those days, there was ancient believe that gods were to be offered sacred place. Again, it is prudent to consider that the development of the artifact was significant in emancipation of the Doric order. In this case, the Doric order is the magnificent facet of the building which in this case had flat pavements and with a base and vertical shafts. The nature of this building was used either for political or religious reasons (Mikalson, 44). In itself it was a symbol and facet of power. How the work perhaps challenges the conventions associated with the period. It is scholarly good to note that the Parthenon was a politically backed religious presentation. In this case, the Greek society held a powerful convention which had close similarities to this period. In light with this, attention is garnered towards realization of the Greek political nature alongside other effects. One of the prominent conventions of the time is Chronology. This classical Antiquity (c. 1200 – c. 800 BC), was geometric styles and proto-geometric designs applied in Architecture. This convention was substantial in the beginning of the Orientalizing influence which was initial stage of the end of dark ages. Based on this presumption, it is good to relate the Parthenon as an elucidator to the much common culture of modern artistic period. What are the main concerns of the artist/creator or architect? As analyzed in the above description, it is coherent to note that the architecture was more interested with elegance. The desire to retain the Doric order was substantive in improving the quality of the design. Firstly, it is imperative to consider that architecture was interested in attempting to establish the rules of harmony. The engineering concept focused in methods to change stones into cube in order to provide full support architrave load at the last column. This method was called the broader corner triglyph. However, it is prudent to understand this method was not satisfying in any event, engineers required to strengthen the corners more as this would withstand pressure. Therefore, in design, the architect was obliged to relate the two further corners together to form cohesion. What are some of the challenges the artist/creator or architect faced? It should be understood that engineering works attracted a significant challenge in relation to the aspect of suspension and comprehension. Firstly, in consideration that the building was done purely by stone block is a significance fact that attracted attention on the security of the building. Primarily, strengthening of the corners was a close consideration based on the fact that corners were to be classically oriented to provide solution about the chall enges of weather and time. To solve this architectural hiccup, the corners were terminated using Triglyph (Curlee, 21). Another significant challenge considered by architecture was the elevation. This was the subdivision of columns, entablature and crepidorma structures. Harmonizing these three considerations without technical aspects; for instance, cement always proved a technical hurdle for designers. In particular, the

People are not free to make moral decisions Essay Example for Free

People are not free to make moral decisions Essay Is it right to say that our actions are determined, or are they free? Hard determinists argue that when we make a moral decision, we have no free will. This is significant because if we do not choose our actions we cannot be held morally responsible. Given our experience of decision making this determinist position is hard to accept and perhaps the compatabilist approach of soft determinism is more valid. Soft Determinists recognise that we can make a decision freely that is coerced but the choices in themselves may be determined themselves. This contrasts with libertarianism, which states that we freely choose our actions and rejects determinism. To fully examine whether we are in fact free or not to make moral decisions, we must first analyse what particular factors affect our decision making. When we debate over a decision we consider/ weigh up our options, we know that we have a choice and only we can make that choice, this is known as a libertarian view. Libertarians believe that we have full responsibility of our actions and nothing else affects our decision, however genes, environment, lifestyle and our upbringing affect or sometimes might determine our choices. Determinism objects libertarianism and believes that our choices are influenced by factors other than the will of the individual, events and actions are predetermined by other events therefore freedom of choice is an illusion. Free will is the term made up of ‘autos’ meaning self and ‘nomos’ meaning rule. Many philosophers such as Kant say that you can only be responsible for actions that you undertake of your own will, this is opposed to Determinism. Libertarianism is the belief that humans are free to make moral choices and therefore morally responsible. â€Å"By liberty we can only mean a power of acting of not acting according to the determinations of the will†. David Hume. In the definition of libertarianism a distinction between the persons character or personality and his/or her moral self. It is this moral self or will that is free. â€Å"Your destiny is allotted to you, but you shall choose it for yourselves†. Plato. There are many arguments that support libertarianism, the most predominant of these being the argument from experience, this states that we all experience making choices, such as the very fact that I am sat here writing this essay is the result of a choice, I did have another option so I could’ve chose otherwise. We are also aware of going through a decision making process, we can weigh up our options and act upon this. Libertarians also believe in the necessary cause stating that for Y to happen X must have caused it, without X Y will not happen. This is a determinist understanding, However Libertarians recognise that causes are contingent and not necessary, they may or may not cause Y, this is a libertarian view. However opposed to this Determinists would argue that if free will exists then what actually causes our actions, surely our actions are caused by something, for example what about our past experiences and emotions? Also a determinist would argue is it part of human nature to assume that we are free and what exactly is moral responsibility, and how is this separate from our personality. If it comes from the soul then what causes the soul. Hard determinism states that people do not have free will to act in moral situations. It also states that everything has a prior cause which precedes it; everything is a product of the cause which is unchangeable and fixed. Therefore we cannot be held morally responsible or blameworthy for their actions because their actions are determined. When we think that we are making a moral decision, hard determinists believe that this is an illusion that we are free but in fact we are not and the decision that we made was already determined. John Locke’s example of the man in the locked room shows that we believe that we are free but we are actually not. However libertarians would argue that we had the choice whether or not to go into the locked room. Psychological determinism is another form of Hard Determinism. This suggests that our characters are determined by our upbringing and experiences. There are many influencing factors on human behaviour such as hereditary, society, culture and environment. Freud taught that our early years have impact on our actions in the future, there is also much evidence to support this view such as Pavlov’s dogs which operant conditioning demonstrates that we can mould our behaviour through rewards and sanctions, it also demonstrates how our behaviour is determined. However a libertarian would argue that just because you can condition one element of decision making doesn’t mean that all behaviour is determined, we always have a choice. Theological determinism is also another form of hard determinism. This is the view that the causal chain can be traced back to an uncaused causer, as shown in Aquinas’ Cosmological argument, and this uncaused causer is God. If God is, as suggested by Calvin through his predestination view which suggests that God has already determined a plan for us so we are either damned (going to hell) or elect (going to heaven) , an omnipotent and omniscient God then we cannot have free will as our actions must be predetermined because of this. There are many criticisms for this view that Libertarians would address as it conflicts with biblical teachings as in Genesis it states that God gave us free will and also for theological determinism to be accepted, libertarians would also argue that there is no proof of this God, so in their view we still have a choice. A form of Hard Determinism that contrasts and argues this view is scientific determinism; this approach states that science tells us that for every physical event there is a physical cause. If we consider the mind to be material activity in the brain, so then our thoughts are also pre determined. Another form of hard determinism is Biological determinism which states that our characters are determined by our genes, this is partly true as genes do give us our characteristics such as what we look like, even our IQ, all this can determine our behaviour for example the violent gene as evidence can be traced back to the genome (e. g. a violent gene recognised by the Italian supreme court). However libertarians would argue that because there is only 0. 2% variation in our DNA, so this doesn’t seem efficient enough to explain all the variations in human behaviour, it’s not just our genetic makeup that influences our behaviour, and they would argue that we always have a choice. Soft determinism states that we are morally responsible for our actions; this approach allows libertarianism and hard determinism to be compatible. It states that as long as no one forces you to make a decision then you are free, this can be described as internal freedom. However soft determinists make a distinction between internal and external causes, these explain why freedom and Jeremy moral responsibility are not only compatible with determinism but actually require it. Soft Determinism, unlike hard determinism, allows for moral responsibility, for example if person A does not save a drowning child because person A cannot swim, he is not morally responsible. However, if he chooses not to because of his personality, a combination of his conditioning, an upbringing and so forth, then he is to be held responsible. Soft determinists believe that all human actions are caused and when we say that a person acted freely we are not saying that there was no cause but rather they were not forced to do it, here they act as free agents even though their actions are still caused. A main philosopher associated with soft determinism is Hume whom was a soft-determinist. He stated that all things are necessary and believed that some things are uncaused or happen as the result of chance. Hume also believed that we are free, he goes on to say that we dont blame people for things they do ignorantly, and blame them less for things that are not premeditated, and any sense of moral blame can only come if something we do is the result of our character. Hume believed that free will, and moral responsibility, require determinism. Soft determinists are criticised by hard determinists for failing to realise the extent to which human freedom is limited and also by libertarians for failing to recognise the true extent of freedom. Whilst Soft determinism offers a ‘middle ground’ between hard determinism and libertinism an agreeable account of moral freedom, a line still has to be drawn between that which is determined and that which is open to choice. The major fault with soft determinism is that they have to try and agree on what is a determining factor and what is not and the complexities of genetics, psychology makes such a line difficult for them to draw. So In conclusion, through the arguments expressed in this essay, I believe that perhaps a Soft Determinist approach is more susceptible towards moral decision making, as although it allows us to make our own decisions, they are to an extent determined due to numerous factors such as our upbringing, environment and culture, however it also allows us to accept responsibility for our actions whatever they may be.

Essay examples --

Living in today’s American society is a blessing and a curse. Never has information been so easily attainable, knowledge is literally at our fingertips, that being the blessing. However, so are advertisements, movies, songs and general media that are coming at us so fast that we have no idea how to handle it. The average American is subjected to about 3000 ads per day (Kilbourne, 2006). The curse is what it does to our generation’s ideal perception of the perfect body, advertisement being the biggest culprit of them all. Hyper sexualized women and men in the media are the reason that 80% of children by the age of ten years old are afraid of being fat. According to a recent study in Spain found that adolescents consume an average of 3 hours to 3.2 hours a day of television on weekdays and weekends, respectively (Bercedo Sanz et al., 2005). Children are still in their developmental stage, their brain and ideas are still forming which is why they are so easily targeted. Television, magazines, films, billboards, and the like frequently offer a distorted vision of the world (Bercedo Sanz et al., 2005; Shrum, 2009), and it may be difficult for children and adolescents to distinguish whether what they see is real or not, so that they are more vulnerable to the messages transmitted (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2001). Men and women are each targeted very differently in media. Although sex sells, it is the image in the advertisement itself that is what is engrained in our minds. Media tells us that wome n are supposed to be skinny, dainty and delicate. Whereas men they are supposed to be big and strong so that women will faun all over them and their muscles. These images are making young children’s self-esteem plummet way faster in th... ...ian body builder Aziz Sergeyevich Shavershian is considered a god amongst men in the body building community. He died of a heart attack in a sauna due to steroid abuse while on vacation in Thailand. Why people consider him a hero is still a mystery. In the media the seemingly over weight men never get the posy and are never taken seriously. Men must be stern chiseled and highly sophisticated. Not only that but they must also take charge and be animalistic, women in the media are often portrayed as objects for the men’s pleasure. Media is a vessel in which women and men a like use in order to try to better themselves. In trying to duplicate what they see they really are only causing themselves heart ache and emotional and psychological damage. Until we can passively look at media and still be happy with whom we are; we as a society can never be happy and healthy.