Childs Real Time Referential Processing Development

Introduction Language processing has been a largely studied area of research over the past _ years. More recently, studies have looked into real-time referential processing abilities in children in order to understand how processing works as well as what contributes to levels of efficiency. Some factors that effect proficiency of this ability includes exposure to infant-directed speech, onset of exposure to first language, socioeconomic status, as well as various individual differences such as language impairments and/or deafness. This paper strives to collect supporting ideas of what factors contribute to a child’s real time referential processing development. Exposure to Language In some cultures, around the world, it is common to†¦show more content†¦The findings support that experiencing language fosters development of vocabulary through positively influenced processing efficiency. It has also been seen that children from higher socioeconomic status families show greater interaction and exposure to language which leads to larger vocabularies as well as efficient real-time processing (Fernald, A., Marchman, V. A., Weisleder, A., 2013). Ultimately, children who are more exposed to speech are able to interpret words, create mental lexicon representations leading them to be able to familiarize with words quicker and with better accuracy during speech in real-time. This ability later shows rapid growth in vocabulary. (Weisleder et al., 2013) The looking-while-listening test is a good resource, however in some cases this test cannot be used. Such reasons arise in the assessment of deaf children that heavily rely on ASL signs as their primary tool for communication. Spoken language learning processes require visual and auditory modalities where as comprehension and processing of sign language requires visual attention to real world referents as well as attention to visual linguistic signs (Lieberman et al., 2015). Lieberman et al. (2015) at the University of California looked at real time processing in ASL signs and finds evidence to support that when deaf children are exposed to ASL from birth, they are developing sub lexical features within their

Ethics And Professionalism Ethics - 1887 Words

TITLE AUTHOR DATE TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary The purpose of this report was to investigate the issues of professionalism, ethics, code of ethical conduct, social issues in IT, copyright and the law, cultural issues in IT, and security, and what benefits or perceived disadvantages these offer in relation to Smartweb as a business. The author found that, in relation to the issue of ethics and professionalism, (Chron, 2014)’s argument about the benefits of ethics and professionalism appear to far outweigh the opposing argument of ‘The Unexpected Affective Benefits of Unethical Behaviour’ (July 2013). When addressing the issue of a code of ethics, JosephsonInsitution(December 2013)’s arguments for adhering to a code of ethics, in the authors view, outweighed the argument put forward by SmallBusinessChron(N.D) which voted against such a code. The cultural issues in IT were addressed by (Chron, N.D) and (InsideBusiness360, August 2012) who said that communication barriers and discrimination could be perceived as disadvantages when it comes to having a more culturally sensitive workplace, however the author believes that AbsoluteIT (August 2014) and (Forbes, March 2012) put forward a better argument for maintaining a more culturally sensitive workplace. The author believes that, while addressing the social issues surrounding IT, (Bell, 2013) and (DeMers, 2014)’s points supporting the increased brand recognition and loyalty outweighed the perceived disadvantagesShow MoreRelatedEthics and Professionalism in Nursing500 Words   |  2 PagesEthics and Professionalism in Nursing The combination of professionalism and ethics can be equated with an extraordinary nurse because they are core components in the nursing profession and crucial to patient trust, confidence and wellbeing. 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Some of these factors are different attributes and behaviors, some are the way a nurse approaches the patient, and some have to do with a code that the nurse follows everyday when they are working as a nurse. Professionalism is an important factor in building trust with patients

Correlation Between Mental Illness and Violence and Crime...

Literature Analysis and Research Proposal of the Correlation between Mental Illness and Violence and Crime Over the past few decades, many researches have strived to test and explain the correlation between violence and crime and mental illness. Moore and Hiday (2006) assert that up 22% of inmates has a mental illness, sometimes containing more mental illness patients than many psychiatric units. Due to these statistics it is evident how important it is to understand the causes of the correlations between crime and violence and mental disorders. This proposal wishes to explain and understand the possible correlation and the reasons for such correlation between mental health illnesses and violence and crime. Further research to test†¦show more content†¦These theories strive to explain how these factors may have an influence of crime and mental illness. Social Learning Theory and Mental Illness The Social Learning Theory strives to show how behaviors are acquired and maintained through various techniques. According to this theory, three basic constructs are apparent. Differential association explains that a person engages themselves in a group that has an acceptance toward crime as a possible means of obtaining necessary life goals. People engaged in these groups learn to view crime as either positive or negative. Differential reinforcement explains how well the participation in crime is accepted and imitation is the final acceptance of the crime by observing others and committing the crime as well. Applied to mental illness, individuals with mental illness are more likely to be engaged with individuals of these ideals due to excessive exposure from close contact in low socioeconomic areas. Social Stress and Mental Illness According to the Social Stress Theory, crime and violence is related to the amount of stress felt in one’s life. 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What techniques has Leon Gast applied to engage hi Essay Example For Students

What techniques has Leon Gast applied to engage hi Essay s audience in WhenThroughout the year I have been studying the documentary When We Were Kings based around the 1974 World Boxing Championship fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman. The fight was staged in Zaire, Africa and is subsequently predominantly an African influenced film, although still effective in delivering the story and exposition of one of the greatest sporting moments of our modern era. Through use of a complex sound track including live sound and interviews from the past Gast is able to entice me to continue viewing the colourful, musical and exciting documentary. Using a majority of archival footage combined with a cast of experts and witness Leon Gast captures the moment whilst providing us with the necessary background information and detail. A number of questions are asked and social issues raised providing us with a contrast of morals and ideals creating a fast moving, intriguing look at an event adopted in to boxing folklore as the greatest of all time. Although Gast is unable to incorporate much of his craft due to a majority of archival footage he is still able to build tension and demonstrate importance through his shot selection, use of motifs and selection of music. When I viewed Gasts dramatic yet uplifting look at the 1974 World Heavyweight Boxing title fight in Zaire, I was engaged through his use of evocative and up-beat music. Music plays almost constantly throughout and is effective in establishing a mood of fun and excitement about the brutal bout. To begin the film Gast introduces us to the tribal rhythms of Zaire, I believe to signify the origins of both fighters and the importance of cultural links between America, Africa and the evolution of popular culture. Gast also employs the use of a mysterious African women a dancer and performer through use of close ups and intense, tension building rhythms. She appears throughout the documentary and we are told later that a witch doctor predicted Foreman might be defeated by use of a voodoo spell involving a woman with fluttering hands. Whether there is any element of truth to the prediction, Gasts inclusion of this native African lady is clearly to provide an element of mystery and intrigue around not only the fight in Zaire, but also Alis greatness. The tribal rhythms and traditional African music work well for Gast and are effective in portraying the mood and atmosphere surrounding events leading up to the shock defeat of then heavyweight champion of the world, George Foreman. Gasts use of live footage from the African Woodstock of superstars of the music of the day James Brown, and BB King I found particularly effective in portraying the importance of a culture returning to its origins. The energy created by performers such as James Brown can do nothing but up the tempo and build excitement, while the slow, sombre blues solos of BB king remind us of Alis daunting task. Gast has been able to provide tempo and excitement to a lot of his black and white / archival footage and engages us by launching in to exciting music straight after the slower, almost monotonous compared with the rest of the film recounts of historical witness such as Norman Mailer and George Pl impton. The music used by Gast is by Alis definition the music of my brothers or black mans music and what better music to reflect the mood and atmosphere at the pinnacle of Alis career and breaking free of black America. Gast began filming When We Were Kings in 1974 after he was hired to go and film the rock concert that was to be staged alongside the fight. Gast took so much footage that it took him twenty three years to sort and find backing for his Ali epic, and it all paid of through Gasts achievement at the Academy Awards. For Gast to be that involved that he shot so much relevant footage and to have pursued his vision until completion, he must have received so much inspiration from Muhammad Ali and the events surrounding the 1974 Championship bout. This was clearly portrayed to me by the depths that the film reached. Ali was revolutionary in black AmericasIdeals, whilst still pushing messages to the white and black kids back home Quit eatin candy..We must whup Mr. Tooth Decay and Gast demonstrates this to us throughout, showing us the arrogant and boastful Ali as well as the quiet homely man outside of a log cabin with friends and family playing of the effectiveness of Alis immortal charisma . The concept of the fight is effective in appeal and Gast brings this to our attention through the contrast he provides between Africa and America. One scene which demonstrates the radical changes of the era when Ali is on his way to Zaire and comments quite thoroughly on the presence of black pilots and crew, he is quite clearly amazed demonstrating importance for the emancipation of Africans living in America (a topic relevant to the era and to today). Gast also has managed to capture an important movement in the history of popular music- the acceptance and explosion of black mans music. Gast includes stellar concert footage of James Brown and BB King drawing important parallels between Alis global domination of boxing and the worldwide influence of hip hop, soul, rhythm and blues and jazz which is still present today and is a part of popular culture. The individual duel for the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship in itself is effective in providing another drawcard for Gast. Alis defiance of America- in refusing to enter the armed forces during the Vietnam war- had resulted in a jail sentence and loss of the title. This was Alis return, the greatest of all time was returning to the ring to face one of the most formidable individuals ever to step in to the square shaped arena, making it a bout no red-blooded American and no self respecting sports fan worldwide could miss. Gasts subject matter the fight itself and people involved namely Ali are perhaps one of the most appealing events to be covered in sports history (with relation to real life relevance)The people involved in Gasts documentary are remarkably effective in delivering the recount of the Rumble in the Jungle combining aging experts with those who were scattered amongst the commotion that was the concert and fight in Zaire, 1974. Spike Lee appears throughout to provide a modern, filmmakers perspective while George Plimpton and Norman Mailer commentate, adding excitement and human dimension to the fight. Mailer and Plimpton covered the fight in the seventies and provide us with a credible recount and are effective in providing professional detail for us helping us understand some more technical angles explored by Gast.